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<title>Peercasting</title>

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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Peercasting</span></span>

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<p><b>Peercasting</b> is a method of <a href="Multicast" title="Multicast">multicasting</a> <a href="Streaming_media" title="Streaming media">streams</a>, usually audio and/or video, to the <a href="Internet" title="Internet">Internet</a> via <a href="Peer-to-peer" title="Peer-to-peer">peer-to-peer</a> technology. It can be used for commercial, independent, and amateur multicasts. Unlike traditional <a href="IP_multicast" title="IP multicast">IP multicast</a>, peercasting can facilitate <a href="Video_on_demand" title="Video on demand">on-demand</a> content delivery.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Operation">Operation</h2></div>

<p>Peercasting usually works by having peers automatically relay a stream to other peers. The P2P <a href="Overlay_network" title="Overlay network">overlay network</a> helps peers find a relay for a specified stream to connect to. This method suffers from poor quality of service during times when relays disconnect or peers need to switch to a different relay, referred to as "churn".<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Another solution used is minute swarming, wherein a live stream is broken up into minute length files that are swarmed via P2P software such as <a href="BitTorrent_(protocol)" class="mw-redirect" title="BitTorrent (protocol)">BitTorrent</a> or Dijjer. However, this suffers from excessive overhead for the formation of a new swarm every minute.

</p><p>A new technique is to stripe a live stream into multiple substreams, akin to <a href="Redundant_array_of_independent_disks" class="mw-redirect" title="Redundant array of independent disks">RAID</a> striping. <a href="Forward_error_correction" class="mw-redirect" title="Forward error correction">Forward error correction</a> and timing information is applied to these substreams such that the original stream can be reformed using at least all but one of the substreams (<a href="Fountain_code" title="Fountain code">fountain codes</a> are an efficient way to make and combine the substreams). In turn, these streams are relayed using the first method.

</p><p>Another solution is to permit clients to connect to a new relay and resume streaming from where they left off by their old relay. Relays would retain a back buffer to permit clients to resume streaming from anywhere within the range of said buffer. This would essentially be an extension to the <a href="Icecast" title="Icecast">Icecast</a> protocol.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Software_used_for_peercasting">Software used for peercasting</h2></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Free_and_open_source_software">Free and open source software</h3></div>

<ul><li><a href="Alluvium_(peercasting)" title="Alluvium (peercasting)">Alluvium (peercasting)</a></li>

<li><a href="Tribler" title="Tribler">Tribler</a></li>

<li><a href="PULSE_(P2PTV)" title="PULSE (P2PTV)">PULSE</a></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Proprietary">Proprietary</h3></div>

<ul><li><a href="Ace_Stream" title="Ace Stream">Ace Stream</a></li>

<li><a href="PPStream" class="mw-redirect" title="PPStream">PPStream</a></li>

<li><a href="Rawflow" title="Rawflow">Rawflow</a></li>

<li><a href="Red_Swoosh" title="Red Swoosh">Red Swoosh</a></li>

<li><a href="Veoh" title="Veoh">Veoh</a> (defunct)</li></ul>

<ul><li><a href="Broadcatching" title="Broadcatching">Broadcatching</a></li>

<li><a href="Comparison_of_streaming_media_systems" class="mw-redirect" title="Comparison of streaming media systems">Comparison of streaming media systems</a></li>

<li><a href="TVUnetworks" class="mw-redirect" title="TVUnetworks">TVUnetworks</a></li>

<li><a href="Wireless_ad_hoc_network" title="Wireless ad hoc network">Wireless ad hoc network</a></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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</style><cite id="CITEREFBufordYuLua2008" class="citation book cs1">Buford, John F.; Yu, Heather; Lua, Eng Keong (2008). <i>P2P Networking and Applications</i>. <a href="Morgan_Kaufmann" class="mw-redirect" title="Morgan Kaufmann">Morgan Kaufmann</a>. p. 203. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0-12-374214-8</bdi>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFGarbinatoMirandaRodrigues2009" class="citation book cs1">Garbinato, Benoît; Miranda, Hugo; Rodrigues, Luís (2009). <i>Middleware for Network Eccentric and Mobile Applications</i> (1st ed.). <a href="Springer_Science%2BBusiness_Media" title="Springer Science+Business Media">Springer</a>. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-3-540-89706-4</bdi>.</cite></span>

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</style><div id="Peer-to-peer_file_sharing199" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Peer-to-peer_file_sharing" title="Peer-to-peer file sharing">Peer-to-peer file sharing</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Computer_network" title="Computer network">Networks</a>,<br><a href="Communication_protocol" title="Communication protocol">protocols</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Centralized</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Direct_Connect_(protocol)" title="Direct Connect (protocol)">Direct Connect</a></li>

<li><a href="Soribada" title="Soribada">Soribada</a></li>

<li><a href="Soulseek" title="Soulseek">Soulseek</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Decentralized</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="BitTorrent" title="BitTorrent">BitTorrent</a></li>

<li><a href="EDonkey_network" title="EDonkey network">eDonkey</a></li>

<li><a href="FastTrack" title="FastTrack">FastTrack</a></li>

<li><a href="Fopnu" class="mw-redirect" title="Fopnu">Fopnu</a></li>

<li><a href="Hyphanet" title="Hyphanet">Hyphanet</a></li>

<li><a href="GNUnet" title="GNUnet">GNUnet</a></li>

<li><a href="Gnutella" title="Gnutella">Gnutella</a></li>

<li><a href="Gnutella2" title="Gnutella2">Gnutella2</a></li>

<li><a href="GiFT#OpenFT_protocol" title="GiFT">OpenFT</a></li>

<li><a href="OnionShare" title="OnionShare">OnionShare</a></li>

<li><a href="Perfect_Dark_(P2P)" title="Perfect Dark (P2P)">Perfect Dark</a></li>

<li><a href="Retroshare" title="Retroshare">Retroshare</a></li>

<li><a href="Share_(P2P)" title="Share (P2P)">Share</a></li>

<li><a href="Tribler" title="Tribler">Tribler</a></li>

<li><a href="WebTorrent" title="WebTorrent">WebTorrent</a></li>

<li><a href="WinMX" title="WinMX">WinMX</a></li>

<li><a href="Winny" title="Winny">Winny</a></li>

<li><a href="ZeroNet" title="ZeroNet">ZeroNet</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Audiogalaxy" title="Audiogalaxy">Audiogalaxy</a></li>

<li><a href="CuteMX" title="CuteMX">CuteMX</a></li>

<li><a href="Hotline_Communications" title="Hotline Communications">Hotline</a></li>

<li><a href="Kazaa" title="Kazaa">Kazaa</a></li>

<li><a href="LimeWire" title="LimeWire">LimeWire</a></li>

<li><a href="Morpheus_(file-sharing_software)" title="Morpheus (file-sharing software)">Morpheus</a></li>

<li><a href="Napster" title="Napster">Napster</a></li>

<li><a href="Scour_Inc." title="Scour Inc.">Scour</a></li>

<li><a href="Usenet" title="Usenet">Usenet</a></li>

<li><a href="WASTE" title="WASTE">WASTE</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Comparisons<br>of <a href="Client_(computing)" title="Client (computing)">clients</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Comparison_of_ADC_Software" class="mw-redirect" title="Comparison of ADC Software">Advanced Direct Connect</a></li>

<li><a href="Comparison_of_BitTorrent_clients" title="Comparison of BitTorrent clients">BitTorrent</a></li>

<li><a href="Comparison_of_Direct_Connect_software" title="Comparison of Direct Connect software">Direct Connect</a></li>

<li><a href="Comparison_of_eDonkey_software" title="Comparison of eDonkey software">eDonkey</a></li>

<li><a href="Gnutella#Gnutella_features" title="Gnutella">Gnutella</a></li>

<li><a href="Gnutella2#Comparison" title="Gnutella2">Gnutella2</a></li>

<li><a href="WebTorrent" title="WebTorrent">WebTorrent</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Hyperlinks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Magnet_URI_scheme" title="Magnet URI scheme">Magnet</a></li>

<li><a href="Metalink" title="Metalink">Metalink</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Uses</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Backup" title="Backup">Backup</a></li>

<li><a href="Broadcatching" title="Broadcatching">Broadcatching</a></li>

<li><a href="Shared_resource" title="Shared resource">Disk sharing</a></li>

<li><a href="Online_video_platform" title="Online video platform">Game and video sharing</a></li>

<li><a href="Image_sharing" title="Image sharing">Image sharing</a></li>

<li><a href="Music_download" title="Music download">Music sharing</a></li>

<li><a href="Seedbox" title="Seedbox">Seedboxes</a></li>

<li><a href="Sharing#In_computer_and_Internet_culture" title="Sharing">Sharing software</a></li>

<li><a href="Peer-to-peer_web_hosting" title="Peer-to-peer web hosting">Web hosting</a> (<a href="Freenet" class="mw-redirect" title="Freenet">Freesite</a>, <a href="InterPlanetary_File_System" title="InterPlanetary File System">IPFS</a>, <a href="ZeroNet" title="ZeroNet">ZeroNet</a>)</li>

<li><a href="Legal_aspects_of_file_sharing" title="Legal aspects of file sharing">Legal aspects</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Privacy44" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Privacy_in_file_sharing_networks" title="Privacy in file sharing networks">Privacy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Anonymous_P2P" title="Anonymous P2P">Anonymous P2P</a></li>

<li><a href="Darknet" title="Darknet">Darknet</a></li>

<li><a href="Darkweb" class="mw-redirect" title="Darkweb">Darkweb</a></li>

<li><a href="Friend-to-friend" title="Friend-to-friend">Friend-to-friend</a></li>

<li><a href="Open_music_model" title="Open music model">Open music model</a></li>

<li><a href="Private_P2P" class="mw-redirect" title="Private P2P">Private P2P</a></li>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Internal<br>technologies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Distributed_hash_table" title="Distributed hash table">Distributed hash table</a></li>

<li><a href="Merkle_tree" title="Merkle tree">Merkle tree</a></li>

<li><a href="NAT_traversal" title="NAT traversal">NAT traversal</a></li>

<li><a href="Peer_exchange" title="Peer exchange">Peer exchange</a></li>

<li><a href="BitTorrent_protocol_encryption" title="BitTorrent protocol encryption">BitTorrent protocol encryption</a></li>

<li><a href="Super-seeding" title="Super-seeding">Super-seeding</a></li>

<li><a href="BitTorrent_tracker" title="BitTorrent tracker">BitTorrent tracker</a></li>

<li><a href="UDP_hole_punching" title="UDP hole punching">UDP hole punching</a></li>

<li><a href="Micro_Transport_Protocol" title="Micro Transport Protocol">Micro Transport Protocol</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div><div class="zim-footer">

This article is issued from <a class="external text" title="Last edited on 2024-11-11" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=Peercasting&oldid=1256735949">Wikipedia</a>. The text is available under <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

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